Attitude Crocodile tourism is one of the most famo Essays

Attitude Crocodile tourism is one of the most famo Essays Attitude Crocodile tourism is one of the most famous adventure tourism in the world that attracts a lot of tourist to visit Australia. The huge amount of tourists brings a lot of benefits to Australia, which includes huge amount of revenue for local government and tourist operators and great reputation in tourist industry under the economic downturn environment. However, the most famous tourism also result in some negative impacts breaking the ecological equilibrium and threatening local people ' s life. Therefore, it is hard for people to judge weather crocodile tourism is positive or not. Some individuals and environmental organizations considered that the crocodile tourism should be prohibited. On the other side, tourism operators will try their best to protect their profit as well. In order to retain the substantial income but reduce the negative impacts, negotiating and cooperation is the essential part that both sides need to attempt and put effort Beginning The most obvious and significant problem is the crocodiles becomes more aggressive and fearless to human, which is threatening people ' s life significantly. Due to the crocodile tourism, crocodiles are more familiar with boats and attracted by boats, further more, more humans were killed by crocodiles than before. According to the news, in 2014, saltwater crocodiles killed four Territorians in the Northern Territory, which is almost one-fifth of the total 21 people killed since 1974(NT News, 2014). The crocodile tourism has pushed not only natives closer to the dangerous but also backpackers. There were 31 victims on the list since 1990, all of them were killed by crocodiles in Australia, and there were many tragedies have not been recorded(C. Garry, 2011). The reasons why crocodiles attack human are multiple, which include territory defense, nest defense, self defense, food and by accident(C. Garry, 2011). To be more specific, crocodile is ec tothermic which means cold blood. They always become active when temperature increase, because they depends on solar energy. However, people are also prefer to travel during the warm period. Thus, season also could be summed as a factor(H. Melissa, 2015). Indeed, there are many factors result in crocodile attack, but , the core reason is the development of crocodile tourism and human ' s improper behaviors, over feeding and habitat lose changed crocodile ' s habits. Meanwhile, with the development of crocodile tourism, there are more chance for human to approach crocodile which means the situation could be worse in the future. Consider again The crocodile attack is not only threatening human ' s life, but also itself. Revenge kills are common in any place. According to the news report, in 2014, a African man killed crocodile after one month when his family was killed by crocodiles (H. Melissa, 2015). Further more, crocodile attack makes crocodile get a really bad reputation, which makes many innocent crocodile have been killed. In Australia, after a boy was missing, the authority in Australia issued a shoot-to-kill order on any crocodile bigger than two meters(H. Melissa, 2015). Thus, the bad reputation have put crocodile into a really dangerous edge. Some of the crocodiles are endangers species such as Philippine and Orinoco crocodile. However, most people do not have the knowledge of the crocodile, they will not consider them as Philippine and Orinoco, the only name of them is crocodile ' , the dangerous killer in the world. Therefore, the crocodile tourism has aggravated contradictions between human and crocodile to some extent. Definition of Stakeholders In order to define the stakeholders, it is better to look through the whole benefit chain in the crocodile tourism. On one hand, as an profitable industry, tourist industry is playing an essential role in Australia economy. According to the rep ort, during the period from 2013 to 2014, tourism has bring $102 billion income to Australia(Annual Report, 2013-14), which is a such big number. In the case, it also mentioned that in the decline trend of tourism industry, crocodile tourism still can remain a successfully number of visitors. So, we can find how much important is crocodile tourism for the tourism operators and the related industries such as hotel and catering industry, even many sole traders rely on the crocodile tourism. On the other hand, tourists also earn

Old times essays

Old times essays A long time ago, back in covered wagon times, a big explosion hit the wild wild west. Unfortunately, everyone survived though it. They discovered they had to wear radiation suits or space type suits to cut down on the radiation. Every thing was just gone and there was nothing left but a few lakes that were contaminated still and some shrapnel sitting around. Everyone decided to go to the big lake nearby. Two specific people in the group John and Bill, were younger, around 16 and 17. They were faster at getting to the lake because they wanted water. They brought some pots and pans and supplies for a fire because it was a long trip getting there. They decided to stay there for the night. They boiled the water to make it edible to drink. They then went fishing to catch some catfish. They cooked them, then they went to sleep on the cold dirt. The next morning John and Bill forgot that they had to be in school. So they hurried up and ran to school all dirty from the ground. Back then there was only one class that covered 2 subjects: trigonometry and spelling. The class was relatively small. It only had 3 kids. John, Bill, and a girl, Jill. After they learned the little bit of spelling and math they went to play in the big open field nearby. They had lots of fun, then when night came they made a big fire and cooked some marshmallows. They all sat in a circle of the fire and told ghost stories. The next day they decided to skip school and wonder around and explore. They suddenly remembered they had a treasure hidden somewhere. So they went to Bills house because he had the map hidden in his room. They got the map and then began hunting. They followed all the directions and finally after about 6 hours of walking and swimming they came across the big X on the ground. They dug at it for a few hours with 2 or 3 shovels and eventually got to the treasure chest. They opened it and discovere ...

Leadership challenge in GAS Co Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 2500 words

Leadership challenge in GAS Co - Essay Example 5.2. Many car manufacturers have begun to convert their product designs to run on greener alternatives than petroleum fuels. 5.3. Cars and land vehicles using the green technologies will be in mass production by 2015 (three years from this report), in increasing volumes every year, pursuant to mandatory provisions in international agreements and EU directives. 5.4. At present, GAS Co. is still aggressively expanding its conventional gasoline stations which, while offering biofuels, are still designed primarily for petroleum fuels; there are no special design or system considerations yet for alternative fuels. 5.5. The firm’s executives still loyally pursue the original strategy of their parents to pursue the petroleum business which is its present competency; no new competencies are being developed beyond ethanol gasoline (E85). 6. Strategy to overcome the challenge to the leadership 6.1. The present leadership must resolve to break away from its traditional strategy and consi der gaining new competencies in the alternative technologies. 6.2. Aggressive construction of refilling stations should be suspended, pending new designs pursuant to the new competencies. 6.3. Environmental scanning should be conducted to determine the technologies most likely to be adopted in their franchise areas. 6.4. Massive reorientation of R&D and engineering designs, followed by HRD, training, and operations, should follow the decision as to what innovative technologies to adopt. 6.5. New franchise contract should be revised and existing franchises renegotiated in accordance with the proposed technical changes. 7. Conclusion The leadership should assess the new technical, regulatory, and business environment and articulate their company strategies and plans to ensure the firm’s... The organization upon which this discussion shall centre is a petroleum company which, for confidentiality purposes upon the company’s request, this study shall be designated as GAS Co. The firm’s business is the wholesale and retail distribution of petroleum fuel and lubricant products. The firm is based in an emerging Asian economy, and presently has some 500 retail stations located throughout the Southeast Asia and Pacific region, and about 30 depots that store quantities of downstream petroleum products (i.e., diesel, kerosene, unleaded, ethanol (E85), and premium gasoline). GAS Co. began in 1978 as a family corporation which offered mass storage facilities for petroleum and petrochemical based products; it then expanded into providing wholesale supply of petroleum products to industrial and manufacturing clientele. Thereafter it entered into a partnership with one of the world’s leading suppliers of lubricant additives, which enabled the company to undertake its own research and development in lubricants. Not long thereafter, when the downstream oil industry was deregulated by the national government, GAS Co. took the bold step of being the first local petroleum retailer to establish its line of refilling stations. It is now the leading local petroleum retailer in the country, and continues to expand by franchising its fuel refilling stations, which it began in the 1990s.

Law - Law of Tort Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 2250 words

Law - Law of Tort - Essay Example The law is also concerned with the option of transferring blame. This implies that using the law blames can be transferred to another person or party. Tort law therefore provides remedies to an individual or a party for losses suffered due unreasonable actions of another person or party. There are two categories of tort laws and they are concerned with suits that are aimed at protecting an individual’s privacy against any violation. Negligence and intentional are the two basic categories or torts and they signify the main tort claims made in most civil courts (Yeats, Giliker & Luckham, 2005). From the given scenario, Charles a freelance photographer sneaks into Bertram compound without his knowledge and proceed to takes his nude photograph. Charles was able to gain access to the highly restricted compound through Desdemona’s assistance. Later a market researcher named Alex tries to have an interview with Bertram in his house without his content. Bertram denies him a cha nce for an interview based on the warning sign at his drive. In particular, the sign states that any trespasser will be prosecuted. Bertram go ahead and caries the market researcher to the drive although he had proved his identity. According occupier’s liability act of 1984, Alex Charles and Desdemona, violated Bertram’s right to privacy on the other hand Bertram violated Alex’s rights by carrying him forcefully. ... Firstly, Bertram is a billionaire who believes that he should have a private life free from any intruder. He has gone to an extent of placing a sign at his drive indicating that all trespassers will be prosecuted. As an ordinary person, Bertram is entitled to privacy according to the law and therefore any trespassing is a violation of his rights (Yeats, Giliker, Luckham, 2005). Secondly, his house is a private property and therefore he has the right to allow accept or reject visitors accordingly. Concerning the two unauthorized visitors to Bertram’s compound, Charles has a more serious case to answer according to tort law. Although he is a journalist, he needed endorsement before gaining access to Bertram’s compound. In addition, Charles took unauthorized photographs in two separate occasions and this proves that his acts were intentional. Charles not only intentionally took unauthorized photograph of Bertram and his compound but he took nude photographs of the complain ant. These activities are intentional and therefore Bertram has legal claims according to the tort law. Basing on those arguments Bertram can proceed to make a legal suit against the trespassers; however, he should make his claims with caution in order to attract the relevant remedies. He has to be aware of the possible claims that Charles can present in the courtroom in defence of his action. Charles can base his counterclaims on the requirements of his career as a journalist. From this basis, Charles can claim that as a journalist, his work serves the public and therefore he needs to cover events that are of public interest. He can therefore claim that the highly restricted Bertram’s compound is of public interest and therefore he should have some legal protections against any legal suit that

Real Estate Investment Trusts Research Paper Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 7500 words

Real Estate Investment Trusts - Research Paper Example The conceptual framework of Real Estate Investment Trusts (REITS) in the UK has been characteristically shaped against the backdrop of an evolving unique property market investment paradigm vis--vis the diversity and complexity of non-property market investment vehicles that have hitherto dominated the UK investment scenario (Wyatt, 2007, p. 143). While still there is a considerable amount of confusion as to what REITS are able to accomplish on their own in a highly competitive strategically diverse highly risk-prone property investment market, there is an equally formidable quantum of hope on the part of the average property investor and the market analyst that the UK property market has the potential for growth and sustainability despite a global downturn and rising pessimism among investors in general. This conceptual framework underlies the very organizational structure of the REIT industry and thereby influences its evolving strategic shape. Though the average REIT is structured in the same way as a private or a public company according to the British law, there is a significant amount of variance in its capital structure and composition. For instance in the process of distribution of profits the REIT is obliged under the Finance Act of 2006 to withhold tax from profit distributions made to shareholders out of property-related investment profits. While REITS elect themselves to be rewarded with the privilege of being tax-exempted on profits made from certain property-related investments, they have little freedom by way of diversification of assets or portfolios.Real estate investment vehicles as initiated under REITS have been noted also for their strategic emphasis on tradable shares whose prices are determined by free market forces - demand and supply. Another inherent feature associated with them is the tax transparency. Indeed the latter characteristic influences both demand for and supply of such assets despite a negative corollary associated with such declarations. For instance the demand for such investment vehicles as that of properties could be attributed to a variety of causal factors ranging from constantly rising real returns to tax-exemptions. On the other hand supply factors include REITS' ability to divert and channel risk-prone investments away from potential collapse into an attractive investment proposition that fetches real returns.Although a number of investment vehicles exist in the non-property sector of the economy, there is very little strategic freedom for the average REIT to channel funds into diverse investments thus expecting a real but constantly growing return (Acharya and Dimson, 2007, p.176). While the company is a normal corporate entity with a listing on a stock exchange there is something unusual about its strategic focus , viz. the way and manner in which it conducts itself in distributing profits. Potential investors would have the assurance of getting some profits but nevertheless how much profit is determined by

Role Of Media In Branding Fashion Apparel Industry Marketing Essay

Role Of Media In Branding Fashion Apparel Industry Marketing Essay In order to accomplish the objective, the spirit of media have to be fully understood in strategic positioning for high-end clothing industry and the influence of media planning on the companys marketing strategy, the extent of the appearance of media and how the companies are to retort to the information provided by the media. This study is expected to endow with the exposure of the roles of media, the brand management of luxury industry, the interface of media and branding for this particular field as a retrospective expression and to be considered as an esteem of this area Implications for Organizations The affray is getting so furious that the enterprise natural environment alterations all the time and it is crucial for latest tendency retailers to differentiate in the market location as well as the designing of trading advocating (Moore and Fairhurst, 2003). This task has its own restricts in proposing which should be worried on, but it still presents some insight into buyer demeanour when it arrives to fashion. Marketers should use a blend of diverse advances to advance or boost the possibilities for persons to obtain advocating information. For example, to attain the yearned conclusion of maximized branding, the significance of the intermediate that convey the advocating note can not ever be worried enough; it should be mindfully assessed and the contents should be creative, eye-catching to grab the consumers attention. Ideally, the note will consign to the buyer assembly and leverage their buying demeanour or habits. In order to positively influence recipients opinions towards advertising covering both current and potential consumers requires intricate research and design, because it concerns with the delicate functions of advertising communications of medium, source credibility, and advertising and fashion systems.   Literature Review   The future success will not belong to product or technology-oriented organizations, but to customer-focused organization, supported by market-information competencies, which links the customer to the firms value-delivery process. (Webster, 1988) The intension of this project is to observe the role of media in positioning strategy and brand management for premium apparel industry. The endeavor is to reconfirm the significance of media in branding communication and to disclose the feasible best solution to the decision-making of marketing strategy. To absolutely identify the personality of media in strategic positioning for high-end consumer goods and the impact on the companys marketing strategy, we should first clarify the nature of media, then of the leverage it possess. Fashion Fashion is not just about apparel and accessories. Rather, it is more of a mind-set in the direction of life and can be appeared as a cipher or dialect which reflects the phenomenon of the society. (Solomon and Rabolt, 2004). In detail, it wrappings all kinds of commerce parts automobiles, furnishings, architecture, telecommunications etc. All of this can be documented as that Fashion or vogue habitually comprises certain stage of heritage activities. It could be a chic bistro persons proceed to, the digital melodies contestant we convey with everyday or even the most talked-about TV programme. However, when mentioning to latest tendency in this task, we restrict the meanings to one of numerous modes persons articulate themselves by the apparel constituent being put on. Consumer Behaviour towards Fashion Discussions of buyer demeanour can be traced back as early as The idea of Leisure Class by Thorstein Veblen (1925 [1899]), which proposes the transformation of every day purposeful products into certain thing symbolic for the inherent affray of communal status. Status searching in such a important motivation for obtaining the right goods and services, the users wish the other ones will understand he or she has the proficiency to make it.(Thompson,1990) Further elaboration indicates the premier communal superiors are in seek of new tendencies and methods endlessly, in alignment to differentiate themselves from the tricking-down consequences on the less privileged groups. (Simmel,1971[1903]). While latest tendency merchandise really is the perfect piece class for expressing the personal and psychological facets of oneself (Lazer, 1981), it is the individuals yearn to sustain and enhance his own values. Then, brand was altered into the pointer ob emblem wearers mind-set, by which a in dividual broadcasts his persona, displays his standards, expresses his feeling, or suggests his attitude., (Evans,1989) Particularly, latest tendency brands are entails of expressing identification and subsequently, proceed as a assurance of consistency and a shortcut in decision-making. Premium Fashion Retailing Fashion is a multi-billion-dollar business. On the matching bases of delineating latest approach, premium apparel latest approach is delineated as designer wear, which embraces the designers own tag and their overpass lines. The reasoning behind it is that the borderline between high latest approach and mass latest approach is significantly vague (Solomon and Rabolt, 2004), and most of the bulk view the designers brand label label is high-end fashion. As designer label, logo, label and trademark are decorated on clothing, boots, bags, they are drawn on to present the individuals sole taste.(Lurie,1981) The heading of designer clothing, as upheld by Danziger(2004), collapses under the group of lifestyle luxuries. Highly brand label oriented administration that add worth and brings ahead symbolic worth past the operational can in addition gain a merchandise charge advantage  by compelling a charge premium family member to competitors, which is often the case in the couture latest app roach market. Competitive superiority in the latest approach retail subdivision is the point to which the governing body ideals brand labels and its practices are oriented towards building brand label capabilities. Fashion brand labels want to deduce their unique brand label labels and, as such unique capabilities in rank to realize bigger market differentiation. Manufacturers commonly use branding as a signifies of augmenting symbolic worth (consumption) to an item. Handsome charge will be compensated to the advertiser who has the head to bring ahead a rational photograph and the constancy to fasten with it over a long period. (Ogilvy, 1963) Mass Media and Advertising The issue of broadcasting and advertising is one of the most discussed subjects in view to consumerism in concurrent society. Some dispute that mass broadcasting inaccurately report   the development of the enterprise, but the press is the greatest reflection of societys relative standing (Oliver, 1984) and advertising helps as an invention for clients, those who are keen to compensate since the knowledge it gives lessens explore time. From the purpose of scenery of economic procedure of knowledge, advertising is an influential source of client information.(Stigler,1961) Firms today deduced very fragile selling approaches to make perform with the use of knowledge to distribute promulgating budget. Exclusivity is the victorious charge for striving against bidders and it often growth recognition substantially. Many new means of promulgating have modified the conventional awareness of advertisements: advertising sites, sponsorship, signage, billboard, wares locations, credits etc. Fashion Marketing Fashion development has become midpoint to mass society as one of the course for separate someone verbalize themselves and bring ahead identities. (De la haye and Wilson, 1999) Marketing in latest approach development has shown a movement of quick development. A comprehensive appreciating and winning request for paid job is resolutely under the attention of triumph for every latest approach retailer. Several worries are stressed by empirical research for selling advance to communications: (Burberry, 2002; Moore and Birtwistle, 2004) The value of promulgating for creating a luxury brand photograph and way of life association has been recognized. Fashion shows and associated events augment substantially to the achievements of global broadcasting coverage. A proactive media organization strategy is very valued for the attainment of enough editorial reporting and the development of a plausible global profile and standing. Active selling making acquaintance in the development of photograph and way of life that is competent of engendering extensive involvement amid costumers and media. Brand Management A brand label is such a very valued intangible asset and ought be supervised carefully (Webster and Keller, 2004)   Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚   Brand location is the part of the brand label personal identity and worth proposition that is to be energetically conveyed to the objective listeners and that clearly presents superiority over other, striving against brands. (Aaker,1991) Literature consistently cites to brand labels as an evaluate to add worth, either for the wares or the service the financial gathering has to offer. In rank to realize the brand label objectives and to enhance the competitiveness, administration nee to supervise the worth augmenting capabilities and initiate their own sole aspects that demarcate the offerings from those of competitors'(Brisdon and Evans, 2004; Simones and Dibb, 2001) Branding is the quintessence of selling pursuit in a company. In other remarks, brand label organization should be the utmost guidance for helping the financial gathering to realise the companys greatest goal. To endure and flourish, administration ought to bring ahead win-win bonds with the population they deal with in a collaborative quest for an actual configuration of mutual worth creation. Apparel branding has been encountered to function as a cue to consider consumers; association with certain groups. Theoretical Rationale Russel H. Colley (1961) had come up with DAGMAR approach to establish an explicit link between ad goals and ad results. He opines that an advertising goal is a precise communication task to be accomplished among a definite audience in a given period of time. This approach has changed the way that advertising outcome was measured. It introduced the concept of communication objectives like awareness, understanding, image and outlook. It also focused attention upon measurement, cheering people to create objectives so precise that they can be calculated. DAGMAR assumes that the awareness and liking of the brand can be achieved through media advertising alone. Media advertising is an prominent source of consumer information.(Stigler, 1961) Many new ways of advertising have altered the traditional view. In the ever-changing business world, the reassurance consistent brands can offer is a vital element in the added value (Feldwick, 1990) In light of the exceptional short shelf-life fashion goods have, marketers need to equip advertisements with the most up-to-date messages that the consumers seek. (Halve, 2005) The difficulty of targeting the right customers lies between the gap of understanding consumer behavior and media habits. (Dukes and Gal-Or, 2003) Based on the above theory, my research will analyze medias influence on Apparel Industry and consumer buying behavior. Data Sources The chief source would be to gather articles, papers and reports describing the role of media in Apparel Industry. This would fall under the Secondary data source (Fisher, 2007). Past cases would provide in depth coverage of events and are a trusted source. Also, journals and other articles on media and fashion apparel industry will be collected. All the above will enable coverage in depth of the topic and of the conclusions made earlier. This would be a proven source to base by research upon. Past case studies will help us in finding how media has helped the fashion apparel industry in advertising their products. As the research mainly analyses the role of media in fashion Apparel Industry, it will not be appropriate to collect the primary data in the form of a survey. Methodology Bryman and Bell (2007) stated that there are two strategies for research i.e. Qualitative and Quantitative methods. Quantitative data replicates finding about a sampling units in number while Qualitative data is information without the usage of numbers. Blumberg et al (2005) mentioned that researchers prefer either type of study. Taking into consideration the research, a blend of Qualitative and Quantitative research method is applied. Qualitative approach will help me become more knowledgeable with the fact the research is interested in (Trochim, 2000). This will give me a deeper understanding of the subject and help me in connecting one variable to another (Fisher, 2007). This will allow me to put down my findings about the role of media in fashion apparel industry. Quantitative data will help in construction of statistical models and explain the observations from it (Miles and Huberman, 1994). This data will help me in finding the influences on Fashion Involvement, Brand Conscious ness and Impulsiveness. In this research the method of data collection has been Desk Based Research. An extensive review of all the available secondary data would be essential.   Hypotheses The hypotheses to be tested in my research are:- Influences on Fashion Involvement Influences on Brand Consciousness Influences on Impulsiveness Research Design   Being essential to develop the most suitable research strategy, as to design the research process, including determining the research method, characteristics of the research instruments, and either quantitative or qualitative data to be used in analysis (Chisnall, 1997) Research design is a set of advanced decisions that make up the master plan specifying the methods and procedures for collecting and analyzing the needed information.(Burns and Bush, 2000) Considering this research, exploratory and descriptive research design method would best be appropriate. Wide range of literature will be searched and quoted to clarify the problems in practice.   Ethical Considerations According to Diener and Crandall (1978), there are four issues where ethical considerations could occur are: Harm to participants; Lack of informed consent; Invasion of privacy; Deception. The retail outlets confidentiality would be maintained subject to their consent. The main ethical issues occurring will be during Field Work interviews, surveys and observations. The ethical issues would be taken proper care during the conduct of interviews and questionnaire. The opinions and answers of the interviewer would be respected and his identity would be kept anonymous, to respect the privacy. No one would be forced to give the questionnaire; it would totally depend on the individual. During observations care would be taken, so that it does not be a hindrance to the store and the customers. The data collected from various sources would also not be forwarded to everyone. The findings of the data would only be used for research purposes. The data would be free from any bias by the researched. Aston Business School (ABS) ethical issues regarding data protection and plagiarism would also be respected. All the books, journals, authors and any other sources would be duly respected and referenced if used. Any other ethical issue to occur during the research would also be taken care.

The Development of Heathcliff’s Character in Wuthering Heights Essay

The Development of Heathcliff’s Character in Wuthering Heights Heathcliff is a character who is ever present in â€Å"Wuthering Heights† and throughout the novel his character changes. At first he is a poor, homeless child, then he becomes a loved and neglected victim, then he is a degraded lover, and finally he transforms into a vicious, lonely master. Heathcliff is introduced into the novel as a homeless child. He is a ‘â€Å"dirty, ragged, black-haired child†Ã¢â‚¬â„¢ who Mr. Earnshaw brings to Wuthering Heights from Liverpool. He is constantly referred to as ‘it’ and a ‘gypsy’. His wife, Mrs. Earnshaw, is furious that Heathcliff has been brought into the house and the Earnshaws’ son, Hindley, is jealous of the apparent love his father is giving Heathcliff. Hindley therefore beats up and bullies Heathcliff throughout his childhood, especially when he becomes master of the Heights when Mr. Earnshaw dies: ‘†¦reminded him to order Heathcliff a flogging’. This shows that Heathcliff has been transformed from a poor, homeless child into a neglected victim. However, Mr. Earnshaw treats Heathcliff with more love than his other children: ‘†¦and petting him up far above Cathy’ This shows that Heathcliff is loved by Mr. Earnshaw but also neglected by Hindley and Mrs. Earnshaw. It is because of Mr. Earnshaw’s love for Heathcliff that Hindley gets jealous and abuses him. However, Heathcliff doesn’t really react to Hindley’s abuse, because he doesn’t cry or complain and just gets up and carries on. However, he manipulates Hindley into giving him Hindley’s horse: ‘â€Å"†¦if you wont I shall tell your father of the three thrashings you’ve given me this week. This shows that Heathcliff can be manipulative. After fighting with .. ... a servant by Heathcliff. He usually obeys him, but when small Cathy asks him to pick some flowers, he does it. Heathcliff is angry by this: ‘â€Å"And who ordered you to obey her?†Ã¢â‚¬â„¢ This shows that Heathcliff is losing control. However, he also feels he has won everything and has nothing left worth fighting for. He dies soon after, drenching himself in the rain. However, he leaves an exulting face: ‘†¦life-like gaze of exultation’. This shows that Heathcliff has left thinking he has won. He has left to be with Catherine, and the ghosts of them are spotted together, finally: â€Å"They’s Heathcliff and a woman, yonder†. Heathcliff is a character in â€Å"Wuthering Heights† whose character has altered tremendously and in turn altered so many others. This is due both to the other characters either showing him love or showing him hate and his own personality.

Plato/Socrates & St. Augustine Essay

The realm of the reasoning man, according to Plato in his work Phaedo, is extrapolated by Socrates, that is, a man who is within reason also must admit to the fundamental truths regarding life after death (the viewpoint of Plato in this paper will be seen through Socrates as Phaedo was written to express Plato’s viewpoint through Socrates, so, henceforth, whenever Socrates is mentioned it is Plato’s perspective). That is to say, in Socrates explanation of immortality, there remains the outlook that the body and the soul are not eternally combined; but the soul is grounded in the body through emotions, and feral states of humanity.   When the soul is released from such torpor, it then reclines back into its previous non-corporeal state to either rest, or to transform and reinvent itself in the world.   The soul, according to Socrates, is that which is in us that commands and it is the body that serves.   The following paper will explore the nature of good and evil as it is expressed through Plato/Socrates and Augustine.   There will be comparing and contrasting points on this issue. Augustine believes in the essential goodness of humanity; thus, with the incorporation of the soul as mentioned in Plato’s writing, it seems that both philosophers are in agreement thus far about the nature of humanity.   There are however varying degrees of good and evil.   In either philosopher it is not merely a question of good and evil but of reason in a man.   It is reasong that leads to the choice of good or evil.   Augustine believes for a reasonable person, the pursuit of power would be a safe action. However, one who served their own passions would be apt to sin. By maintaining, Augustine suggests, a well managed ideology and conception of moral value, the pursuit of power would be just as viable an option as piety.   Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚   Augustine intended to explain the principle source of sin was, in fact, intention. Through his interpretation of the fall of man, Augustine rationalized that the acts committed by Adam and Eve, the eating of the apple, were not the actual sins – but instead, the decision to eat the apple, and the commitment to the act was the point at which the sin occurred. However, with Plato’s writing, there is redemption for humanity.   With the idea of redemption being in need, both philosophers are admitting the proneness that humanity has for evil.   Plato suggests that the human soul is created out of divine will, and that anything created out of divinity is good. Thus, while St. Augustine’s intention marks humanity as evil, Plato’s soul marks them as capable of being good.   Plato believes that the soul is the image of divinity; in the soul there is found an unceasing existence of transformation.   The reasonable man must then accept the dichotomy of the body and soul, as well as accept their harmony he must distance the idea that the body and the soul are one.   The body is mortal, and can succumb to dissolution, but according to Plato, the soul is indissoluble.   Thus, according to Plato the human body is evil while the soul is good making a dichotomy of good and evil and the capacity for each in each human. The body commands emotions, and its fate lies within those external circumstances, that is nature, but the soul, in Socrates’ view is above nature.   The soul is a higher self.   As the introduction to Phaedo states, â€Å"The human being alone has the consciousness of truth and justice and love, which is the consciousness of God.   And the soul becoming more conscious of these, becomes more conscious of her own immortality† (23).   The soul hinges upon the realization that she is immortal.   In that consciousness, and in that state of being, there exists God, and all that is immortal and the goodness of humanity.   Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚   Therefore, Socrates is trying to define the perimeters of immortality, and the fact that a reasonable man cannot indubitably believe that the body and the soul will perish, but must in fact take credence to the soul existing at a higher level of existence, that is, at the level with God.   Socrates is placing a belief system in his dialectic, and in so doing he goes into analyzing the existence of God, or the intangible being that is the divine.   In Phaedo Socrates circulates his ideas around the immortality of the soul and the acceptance of this by the reasoning man on the basis of the dimension that God portrays. By dimension, suffice it to say that God, in divine right, is perfect.   It is in that perfection that man may find allusions to his reasoning, and by so doing, reason that since the soul is of God, then man himself is immortal, as Plato wrights, â€Å"An evil God, or an indifferent God might have had the power but not the will, to preserve us†¦But is he is perfect, he must will that all rational beings should partake of that perfection which he himself is† (23).   Life after death then is a certainty on a celestial level.    On this argument in Phaedo, Cebes states, â€Å"†¦knowledge is simply recollection, if true also necessarily implies a previous time in which we have learned now what we recollect.   But this would be impossible unless our soul had been in some place before existing in the form of man; here then is another proof of the soul’s immortality† (Plato 60).   Knowledge is something that is acquired through a previous experience.   A reasoning man can deduce that because he is of a reasonable mind he gained knowledge through previous experience.   The idea of mutating and changing, and being in a semi-transcendental state while in one’s body is something that is prevalent in Socrates’ philosophy. Augustine created this same room for a shift in the combining good and evil of the human body and the divine soul. By suggesting that intent was the source of sin, rather than actions themselves, one would be able to absolve himself of sin by believing that he was following a righteous path.   Thus Augustine’s philosophy suggests, as Plato suggests that there is redemption for humanity.   Both philosophers then meet an agreement point by expressing the truth of the evil nature of humanity.   Both philosophers agree that human nature is evil and it is only the soul which is found to be pure and by following that pure pathway of the soul/God, the evil nature, the body or intent, can be expiated.   Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚   However, while Augustine admitted to redemption for humanity through following the soul he also stated that, â€Å"apparently virtuous acts, like prayer, sacrifice, or the risk of one’s life could in fact stem from vicious, self-regarding motives† (Augustine).[1] This understanding called into question the root motivations of all people. However, looking at the actions of another, one could not see these motivations, and therefore, could not place judgment on their righteousness or validity.   It seems that as Augustine progressed in his philosophy he became more ambiguous as to whether or not humanity could be saved from their own evil intent because of their incapability of selflessness.   Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚   Augustine spoke on this as well. There was no rational process by which one could judge the actions of another – other than one’s personal reason. Reason, therefore would become the most important of the human virtues. Augustine felt that reason, in the mind of any man, could not be corrupted by the passions of evil or by the sinful motivations of others.   Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚   Thus, the division point for each philosopher became whether or not humanity wanted to be good, as it were.   Plato states that the soul is good and that every person has a soul and thus a pathway to goodness and God, while Augustine also admitted to their being a soul he suggests that the human race was too selfish to follow that pathway because their evil intentions overruled their desire to be good. WORKS CITED Augustine.   â€Å"Confessions†.   R.S. Pine-Coffin.   Longman.   New Impression Edition.   2005. Hundert, E.J. â€Å"Augustine and the Sources of the Divided Self†. Political Theory. 20 No. 1  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚   (1992): 86-123 Plato.   Phaedo.     Ã‚  

Comparison and Contrast of the Articles of Confederation and the Constitution Essay Example

Comparison and Contrast of the Articles of Confederation and the Constitution Essay Example Comparison and Contrast of the Articles of Confederation and the Constitution Essay Comparison and Contrast of the Articles of Confederation and the Constitution Essay A Comparison and Contrast of the Articles of Confederation and The Constitution To understand what the benefits and drawbacks  Ã‚  were, it is important to compare and contrast the positions in which the documents differ. I believe that they are thus: 1. Taxation The articles allow the congress to levy taxes on each state which means that the taxation burden has to be readjusted within each state among its populace and taxation is not equal Federally whereas in the constitution, the Congress levies taxation individually according to the position of each taxpaying individual making it equal across the board. . Justice there is no central justice system via the articles, there is no system of Federal Courts, each state handles its own courts and justice system and it causes problems with fugitives and inter-state criminal/civic legal issues especially as interstate extradition involved too much red tape hampering justice. This is not the case with the Constitution as it creates a F ederal Court System. 3. Trade The Congress regulates interstate trade whereas with the Articles, there is no existing provision for interstate trade regulation. . Amendments a unanimous 13/13 vote between all states must be imposed in the Articles while in the constitution, the rule of the majority or 2/3 of the Congress allows for amendment. 5. Representation each state in the Articles received 1 vote, 1 voice in the Congress but with the Constitution, representation in the lower house is according to the population of the state (dependent on district divisions) and each state gets 2 Senators. 6. Military the Congress cannot draft military manpower in the Articles it is up to each State to send troops whereas the Constitution allows for Federal Drafting creating a truly national Armed Forces. 7. Interstate Disputes The Articles had a complicated interstate dispute system, literally, each state can declare war on each other whereas the Constitution has a central interstate dispute management system as the Federal Courts handle arbitration. . Sovereignty Legislation The Articles declare that each state is Sovereign and a vote of 9/13 is needed to make a bill a law whereas the Constitution declares that there is one Supreme Law and Supreme Court in the nation and for a bill to be law, 50+1 in each house is what is necessary along with the approval of the Executive Office (President). Opinion/Review The biggest drawback for each of the representatives in the Continental Congress in terms of adopting the constitution and doing away with the Articles is convincing their once sovereign states to submit to one unifying rule of law and leadership that encompasses and is above all State law and rule. Federal means centralization and to adopt to these laws, to make them uniform across the board was a hard task. While the representatives had to convince each other and agree to a consensus that they will do away with each of their States own system of legal, judicial and administrative standards to conform with a universal system, they have had to convince their populace and the politics of doing so is enormous with pressure coming from all sides questions of power and who holds it is something that a lot of people fear and unsure about being unfamiliar with the ways of the other states as well as their politics. Imagine the European Union today the Articles of Confederation is like the EU constitution each country is sovereign. Now imagine them giving up each of their countrys complete independence to be part of a bigger whole, a bigger nation. It is a difficult task economically, socially and politically. Personally though if I lived during this period of history I would have shared the ideals of the colonist American Identity and I would have seen and understood how fully interdependent each state was to each other having shared one history as a British Colony. I would have fully supported the creation of a bigger, singular entity although I would feel a sense of insecurity on how it will pan out in the long run as there is a distinct difference in views and lifestyles between the Northern states and the Southern States. This is where, I think the Constitution triumphs over the Articles. I believe the Lockean principle of equality and I would have thought that to create an independent separate nation from the British Empire was right. The constitution empowers the citizens of the new American nation giving them a unified sense of governance and identity. Word Count: 759 References: (Web) usconstitution. net/constconart. html http://ocw. usu. edu/university-studies/u-s-institutions/comparison-of-constitution-and-articles-of-confederation  Ã‚   usconstitution. net/consttop_arti. html http://avalon. law. yale. edu/18th_century/artconf. asp http://home. earthlink. net/~gfeldmeth/chart. art. html Attachment(s):

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